How is hydroquinone defined?

Hydroquinone is defined as a safe topical bleaching agent used primarily in dermatology to lighten areas of hyperpigmented skin, such as dark spots, melasma, and other forms of discoloration. It works by inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase, which is crucial in the production of melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. When applied topically, hydroquinone effectively reduces melanin production, leading to a more uniform skin tone.

It's important to recognize that while it can be effective, hydroquinone should be used with caution and under professional guidance, as it may cause side effects or skin irritation in some individuals. This therapeutic use of hydroquinone distinguishes it from the other options, which do not accurately describe its function in skincare. For example, it is not a natural moisturizer, nor does it serve as a chemical exfoliant or provide sun protection. These distinctions highlight the specific role of hydroquinone in skincare as a potent and targeted treatment for pigmentation issues.