Hyperpigmentation is not associated with which condition?

Hyperpigmentation refers to areas of skin that become darker than the surrounding skin due to an excess of melanin. Each of the other options listed involves conditions associated with increased pigmentation.

Leukoderma, however, is characterized by the loss of pigmentation, leading to white patches on the skin. It indicates a deficiency of melanin in certain areas rather than an overproduction. This absence of pigment is the distinguishing factor that sets leukoderma apart from conditions such as freckles, melasma, and post-inflammatory darkening.

Freckles are small, flat, brownish spots that appear on sun-exposed areas of the skin and result from an increase in melanin production. Melasma is a condition that causes brown or gray-brown patches, typically on the face, which are also due to heightened melanin levels, usually influenced by hormonal changes or sun exposure. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation occurs after an inflammation or injury to the skin, as a response where excess melanin is produced in the healing process.

Thus, leukoderma is not associated with hyperpigmentation as it involves the opposite: a lack of pigmentation.