What is the lowest layer of the epidermis?

The basal layer, also known as the stratum basale, is the lowest layer of the epidermis and plays a crucial role in skin health and regeneration. This layer is primarily composed of a single layer of columnar or cuboidal keratinocytes, which are actively dividing cells. These cells migrate upwards through the epidermis as they mature, eventually reaching the outermost layer of skin.

By being the deepest layer of the epidermis, the basal layer serves as the foundation for the other layers, such as the stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum. It is also where melanocytes reside, providing pigmentation to the skin, and Merkel cells, which are involved in sensory perception. The health of the basal layer is essential for the overall vitality of the skin, as it continually regenerates and replenishes the upper layers.