What type of immunity is described as inherited and present from birth?

Natural immunity refers to the type of immunity that is inherited and present from birth. This type of immunity is not developed through exposure to pathogens, vaccinations, or other external factors; instead, it is a built-in defense mechanism that a newborn possesses. Natural immunity includes barriers such as skin and mucous membranes, as well as innate immune responses that recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way.

While adapted immunity involves the body developing a tailored response to specific pathogens through previous exposure or vaccination, and acquired immunity entails immunity gained after birth, natural immunity is crucial as it provides immediate defense against many infections right from the start of life. Additionally, artificial immunity involves immunizations created in a laboratory setting. Therefore, natural immunity stands out as the correct option for immunity that is both inherited and present at birth.